北京奥运会还没有开始，台海两岸的奥运政治已经开战了。导火线是关于台湾参加奥运会代表团的正式名号。 台湾「中央社」发布的英文消息称，国民党秘书长强调，如果中国大陆违反双方1989年在香港达成的有关台湾体育代表团参加国际比赛的正式名号的协议，国民党主席吴伯雄将不参加北京奥运会8月8日的开幕式。如果中国大陆官方遵守「1989香港协议」，吴伯雄不仅会参加北京奥运会的开幕式典礼，同时也会亲自观看8月18号来自台湾的中华棒球队与荷兰队的比赛。 这是国民党自马英九当选为「中华民国总统」后，有关两岸关系最强硬的一个表态。据台湾方面的报道，现任的马英九政府看到了中国大陆官方媒体，在称呼台湾参加奥运的代表团时，用的是「中国台北」。台湾方面认为，这是错误的，正确的称呼应该是「中华台北」。国民党秘书长讲的那个条件，就是指这个——「中华」对「中国」，一字之差。 对很多大陆居民来说，他们当然理解出席或不出席奥运会开幕式典礼的意义，但他们不太了解「中华棒球队」在台湾意味着什么——该队在台湾是体育方面最大的骄傲。「中华棒球队」对台湾，在国际社会的影响力和所起的外交作用，类似于1970年代的中国大陆乒乓球队。那时中国大陆在国际上相当孤立，不像现在交往渠道很多，而其它方面的体育项目也弱，唯一能代表国家进行体育外交的，就是乒乓球队。过去三十年来的台湾在国际社会也比较孤立，很多场合不可能有政府的代表出去，所以「中华棒球队」就像当年乒乓球队在中国大陆一样，成为台湾体育外交最重要的一面旗帜。因此，除了8月8日的开幕式，8月18日的「中华棒球队」的比赛，对台湾来讲，是整个台湾参加北京奥运会最具代表意义的项目，是大「秀」。 台湾方面特别提醒大陆的双边「香港协议」，正式签订是1989年4月6日在香港完成的。台湾方面签字的是中华台北奥委会副主席兼秘书长李庆华，大陆方面的则是中国奥委会副主席何振梁。双方正式协议上说，只要是参加国际性的体育活动，台湾派出的代表团的正式名号，无论在文件中，还是在体育比赛议程中，还是在队伍入场时，运动员胸口上的牌子，以及往来信函等，一律用Chinese Taipei，就是「中华台北」。 其实，有关「中华台北」这个名号，有着更远的渊源。渊源来自于台湾文化界、教育界、政界名人沈君山先生。沈先生最早对我提及此事，是在贵州的黄果树瀑布旁边，那应该是2001年的夏天。在和沈先生的把酒闲谈中，他提到了体育政治中「中华台北」这个名号的由来。
为什么叫法不同呢？在上个世纪的1912年至1949年，世界是只有中华民国的，当年刘长春参加奥运会就是代表中华民国参赛的，后来，中华人民共和国成立了，世界上就出现了两个中国政府，两方都说是中国的户主。当然，也出现了中华民国奥委会和中华人民共和国奥委会两个代表中国的奥委会。当时中国在国际上是由中华民国代表的，国际奥委会打算让中华民国奥委会和中华人民共和国奥委会同时参与国际奥委会，并分别称为“台北中国”和“北京中国”。这下中华人民共和国政府不愿意了，说，你这是在搞两个中国，这个世界就一个中国，你要是不承认我是正统，干脆，我不参加奥运会了！等到1971年，中华人民共和国政府取代中华民国政府成为中国在联合国的唯一合法代表时，1979年，中华人民共和国奥委会恢复在国际奥委会的席位，但是那个早已经名存实亡千疮百孔的中华民国政府下属的奥委会也被保留了下来，叫做“Chinese Taipei”，两方就翻译不同了。台湾方面叫中华台北，强调台北是中华民国的台北，强调中华民国政府的客观存在。而大陆方面叫中国台北，意思是台北是中国的一部分，即中华人民共和国的一部分。1989年，双方奥委会在香港签署协议，内容为“台湾地区体育团队及体育组织赴大陆参加比赛、会议或活动，将按国际奥会有关规定办理，大会（即主办单位）所编印之文件、手册、寄发之信函、制作之名牌，以及所做之广播等等，凡以中文指称台湾地区体育团队与体育组织时，均称之为‘中华台北’。”大陆方面在正式文件中都是用中华台北的，但是在媒体报道中从来都是中国台北，这是一种打擦边球的体现。实际上，前一段时间闹得沸沸扬扬的翻译事件我认为是大陆方面的一次试水，如果能用“中国台北”，那只能说大陆捡了一个大便宜，如果说台湾方面反映强烈坚持用“中华台北”，那么大陆没有任何理由不这么用。
2008年8月9日星期六
2008年7月31日星期四
北京奥运之我见
在等待ME，等待VISA的过程中，奥运也一天天临近，昨晚看电视白岩松和成龙主持的奥运专题节目让我感触很深。成龙作为一个在香港这个被英国统治长达半个世纪的香港长大，同时自己又是成功的最具国际影响力的华人，他那身体力行，发自内心的以作为中国人为骄傲的伟大精神让我深受感动，同时也让我对我们这些移民他国或正在办理移民的一群人的种种言行作了反思。
大家为了更好的生活，为了自己的梦想移居他国，侨居他乡，本无可厚非。虽然我们的祖国在经历了无数的沧桑与浩劫之后由一个世界第一大国变成了如今的发展中国家，不可否认，在展的过程中滋生了不少毒瘤以及某些历史遗留问题及各种与发达国家的差距让不少人有种种的抱怨，和选择移居它国，这是完全可以理解的，唯一让我很痛心的是，有不少人在谈论移民入它国国籍等话题时竟把自己的母亲－－－中国贬得一无是处，甚至恨之入骨，这是不是太可悲了呢？试想一下，如果有个人在你面前老是对你说自己的母亲长得没别人的母亲漂亮，没别人的母亲有钱，这不如别人那不如别人，自己想认谁谁谁做娘，你对这样的人有何感想？古巴小将罗博斯破了刘翔的世界纪录，但在接受记者采访时却说虽然我破了刘翔的世界记录，但我现在什么也不是，古巴不像中国那样富有，他在中国就像皇帝一样，而我什么都没有，我要做的就是奥运夺冠，我要成为古巴的民族英雄。多么令人钦佩的民族气节！相反，也有一些运动员因种种原因加入了别国国籍，并代表着其它国家出战，像上届世界杯代表意大利夺得世界杯的阿根廷人卡莫拉内西，他在做出选择时说：。“意大利队是世界上最出色的球队之一，能够穿上意大利战袍是我的荣幸。但是我不会‘背叛’阿根廷。” 我们细心的观众一定能注意到他是在队友唱意大利国歌时唯一一个从不开口的，此时他的心情我们应该都不难体会吧。对于前者值得我们赞赏，而对后者我们也应给于足够的尊重，个人的选择而已，没必要像某些国人同胞把移居它国或加入它国国籍的同胞骂得跟叛国贼似的。而已移居它国或是已加入它国国籍的同胞则即使自己的母亲祖国有再多有待改善之处也不该将之批得一无是处。选择居住何处及选择加入哪国国籍只是个人的一种选择而已，居住地和护照可以变，但不变的是流淌在我们体内的血液和我们的种族以及我们对母亲祖国的赤子之心！
对比祖国第一次申奥的失败和第二次的成功，让我们看到的是祖国综合国力的提升，国际竞争力的提升，国际地们的提升！同时也是社会发展祖国强大的体现，是值得每一个炎黄子孙骄傲的大喜事！当奥运圣火在广州传递时，我在烈日下曝晒，在人群中挤压了3个多小时，为的就是见证这历史的一刻，为祖国加油助威，当亲眼看到圣火在眼前传递，和大家一起挥舞着国旗高喊：“中国，加油！”时，我热泪盈筐，完全被大家的爱国热情和民族情节及团结一心的力量和决心深深地感动了！这次祖国举办奥运对于正在办理移民等待签证的我有着太多特殊的感受，为了更好的生活，为了自己的梦想，不得以而选择了移民，而与此同时，自己也不断地见证着祖国的伟大和强大，对祖国的留恋和热爱在一天天地增长，离祖国远去的心痛在一天天加深。
母亲，中国，我爱你！祝愿你繁荣富强，屹立于世界之颠！我虽然要走出去了，但我的心永远都是与你系在一起的，绝不是舍你而去，而是要把你的伟大文明，悠久历史传遍世界，发扬光大！
大家为了更好的生活，为了自己的梦想移居他国，侨居他乡，本无可厚非。虽然我们的祖国在经历了无数的沧桑与浩劫之后由一个世界第一大国变成了如今的发展中国家，不可否认，在展的过程中滋生了不少毒瘤以及某些历史遗留问题及各种与发达国家的差距让不少人有种种的抱怨，和选择移居它国，这是完全可以理解的，唯一让我很痛心的是，有不少人在谈论移民入它国国籍等话题时竟把自己的母亲－－－中国贬得一无是处，甚至恨之入骨，这是不是太可悲了呢？试想一下，如果有个人在你面前老是对你说自己的母亲长得没别人的母亲漂亮，没别人的母亲有钱，这不如别人那不如别人，自己想认谁谁谁做娘，你对这样的人有何感想？古巴小将罗博斯破了刘翔的世界纪录，但在接受记者采访时却说虽然我破了刘翔的世界记录，但我现在什么也不是，古巴不像中国那样富有，他在中国就像皇帝一样，而我什么都没有，我要做的就是奥运夺冠，我要成为古巴的民族英雄。多么令人钦佩的民族气节！相反，也有一些运动员因种种原因加入了别国国籍，并代表着其它国家出战，像上届世界杯代表意大利夺得世界杯的阿根廷人卡莫拉内西，他在做出选择时说：。“意大利队是世界上最出色的球队之一，能够穿上意大利战袍是我的荣幸。但是我不会‘背叛’阿根廷。” 我们细心的观众一定能注意到他是在队友唱意大利国歌时唯一一个从不开口的，此时他的心情我们应该都不难体会吧。对于前者值得我们赞赏，而对后者我们也应给于足够的尊重，个人的选择而已，没必要像某些国人同胞把移居它国或加入它国国籍的同胞骂得跟叛国贼似的。而已移居它国或是已加入它国国籍的同胞则即使自己的母亲祖国有再多有待改善之处也不该将之批得一无是处。选择居住何处及选择加入哪国国籍只是个人的一种选择而已，居住地和护照可以变，但不变的是流淌在我们体内的血液和我们的种族以及我们对母亲祖国的赤子之心！
对比祖国第一次申奥的失败和第二次的成功，让我们看到的是祖国综合国力的提升，国际竞争力的提升，国际地们的提升！同时也是社会发展祖国强大的体现，是值得每一个炎黄子孙骄傲的大喜事！当奥运圣火在广州传递时，我在烈日下曝晒，在人群中挤压了3个多小时，为的就是见证这历史的一刻，为祖国加油助威，当亲眼看到圣火在眼前传递，和大家一起挥舞着国旗高喊：“中国，加油！”时，我热泪盈筐，完全被大家的爱国热情和民族情节及团结一心的力量和决心深深地感动了！这次祖国举办奥运对于正在办理移民等待签证的我有着太多特殊的感受，为了更好的生活，为了自己的梦想，不得以而选择了移民，而与此同时，自己也不断地见证着祖国的伟大和强大，对祖国的留恋和热爱在一天天地增长，离祖国远去的心痛在一天天加深。
母亲，中国，我爱你！祝愿你繁荣富强，屹立于世界之颠！我虽然要走出去了，但我的心永远都是与你系在一起的，绝不是舍你而去，而是要把你的伟大文明，悠久历史传遍世界，发扬光大！
2008年7月21日星期一
加拿大生存法则
1、要精通厨艺，会做自己爱吃的中餐，但不要太精通、太讲究，不要缺一样配料就觉得无法下咽。2、要学会随时随地跟别人微笑，但不要被商人的微笑所蒙蔽而忘了去仔细读合同(注意合同的背面！)3、要在讲英语时忘掉汉语的习惯，别讲中式英语；但在说汉语时，也别以带英文习惯、说英式中文而自豪。那只能说明汉语的基础还需巩固。跟华人同胞见面也不要劈头就讲英文，好像是在过招儿。4、要直率，要改掉中国人拐弯抹角的习惯。但要学会洋人的委婉。5、不要带着传统教学方法的框杠来上这里的大学，那会很被动。但是，假如觉得上学枯燥，那也不必过人惊讶。做洋论文，也很可能会做得像鲁迅所说的做古文一样：通篇用典，都是自己写的，而又全非自己所做。不同的是，洋论文要求你不仅要“事出有因”，而且要“查有实据”——要有引文目录。6、要抵抗起个蹩脚的洋名的诱惑。不必学着别人，非得张三就叫山姆张、李四就叫西蒙李或莎莉李、王二麻子就叫马修王。不了解历史和文化，也许10年以后你才发现自己竟然跟某个臭名昭著的人物同名。但是，当你被洋人叫拼音名字时，你要准备好，对各种奇怪的叫法都得答应。假如嫁给了外国人，那就不要羞于用丈夫的姓，别以为洋人就没有势利眼的，用外国的姓有时候很能消除民族隔阂。7、如果是单身女子在加拿大，那一定要明白加拿大男人单独请你吃晚饭，那几乎就是汉语的“约会”的意思。吃完饭如果在他的楼下请你上去坐坐，那据说就是加拿大的约会的意思——多半就下不来了。但是，注意不要看到洋人专注热情的眼神就认为那里面有什么意思。那眼神也只能礼貌友好而已。更不要认为嫁给加拿大人就一定很浪漫。从表面上看，多数加拿大丈夫是跟中国丈夫一样“家常”的——假如他是个好丈夫、不花心的话。8、在工作方面，要看清这里的社会分工格局，看清自己的位置，不要总期望还能有在国内时那样的职位。但是，也不能完全丧失了自我。若您是以国内大学教授的身份来到这里，我劝您最好别屈就自己到餐馆打工，毕竟为民族培养优秀人才要有价值的多。9、不要一味崇洋，但是也不要妄自尊大，总拿北京上海的大酒店标准来跟这里的穷人水准相比。外国确实还有很多东西值得我们学习。但是国外的好东西，学到中国也不见得依旧精彩。10、在加拿大生活，要入乡随俗，尽量西化，别抱着旧皇历跟环境格格不入。但是也不要以为通过自身的努力，自己就可以变成洋人。更别以为自己就是国际人了 ——私有制还存在。也不必总想着自己是华人，那会把生活搞得太敏感，风声鹤唳、草木皆兵。当然也不能不想着自己是炎黄子孙！至少，加拿大社会还以它的多元文化而自豪呢。总之，生存在海外，角色里有很多尴尬。但要学会转化适应。
2008年7月9日星期三
如何在加拿大注册公司
加拿大公司类别
加拿大的公司主要有三种形式：独资公司、合资公司和股份公司。
一、独资公司
独资公司是由一个人拥有的无限公司，拥有者本人和公司之间没有明确的界限。它是一种最简单的公司形式。公司的拥有人行使全部的职能，自行作出决定。享有全部的利润，缴纳全部的税款，赔偿所有的损失，承担一切风险和公司在法律上是不可分离的。所有人与公司的关系是自雇。任何由公司的经营所引起的法定责任都是公司拥有人的责任，公司或个人的全部财产都可被法定地用来清偿债务。成立独资公司很简单，以个人或公司的形式运作，这样就可以个人或公司的名义给客户开发票了。
其实，如果只以拥有人的名义来进行运营的，则不必进行公司注册，但是拥有人必须要在当地的市政府进行登记并得到营业许可证。
二、合资公司
合资公司是一种由两个或多个人，两个或多个股份公司，信托公司等共同建立新公司来进行贸易或商业活动的公司，合作的每方都为公司提供资金、劳力、财产或技术，同时也分享公司的利润并承担损失。合资公司的存在依赖于合作的连续性，特别是在两个人的合作关系中，如果其中一人离开或宣布破产，则伙伴关系自然解体。合资公司也象独资公司一样易于成立，有时，一个口头协议就已足矣。但如果资金和财产会在将来成为问题，那么还是准备一个书面的协议为好，公司利润的分配和损失的分担办法应在合资协议中加以说明。
另外，从事贸易、采矿或制造业以外业务的合资公司不一定要注册。简化的手续是只在当地的市政府进行登记并得到营业许可证。还有一种特殊形式的合资公司叫有限合资公司，它可以由一个或多个有限合伙人组成，和有限公司不同，公司的一部分股东不参加公司的运作，公司的股东仅以其出资额为限对公司负责。
三、有限公司
有限公司是一个独立的与其组成成员（股东）有明确界限的法定实体。它是依据其股东们共同签署的特别合同中的条款而成立的，这些条款在公司的备忘录和章程里都有表述。 股份公司有以下不同于独资公司和合资公司的特点：
第一是股东责任有限，通常公司的股东不对超出其股份比例的公司债务、义务负责。
第二是公司存在的连续性。因为股份公司是一个独立的法定实体，所以即使股东成员有所变更，公司仍旧继续存在。
此外，公司的所有权可以改变，股份的转移不会影响公司的存在或连续性。
在加拿大，大部分企业主要是在省登记注册管理机关登记注册。企业登记注册一般要求具备的条件是：企业名称、注册资本、经营范围、经营方式等，也就是要具备类似我国企业登记所符合的条件。具体来说是：
1.公司名称 可以使用字母或数字作公司名称。使用字母作名称时，其名称不得与其他公司的名称相同，也不得与其他公司的名称相混淆，不得使用禁用的词；名称后必须加有限、股份公司等字样或其缩写。外国公司在加拿大的分公司可在名称加上加拿大以与其母公司相区别。
2.注册资本 加拿大一般不要求注册资本最低额。除金融公司外，无法定储蓄金要求。可用现金、财产出资，用现金认购股份的，其认购价值要由董事会确定。
3.经营范围与经营方式 企业的经营范围除毒品，枪械和电视，广播，金融，新闻出版,航空等之外，一般不作限制。经营方式一般也无限制。
注册公司程序
1.选择公司名称
并向注册主管机关的命名部确认名称有效为了避免所选择的名称不适用，可提供两个名称选择，这项服务收费30加元。
2.发起人签署公司章程 章程包括公司名称、股份结构、董事、经营业务范围等要点。公司章程和细则，对公司及其成员均有约束力。一般认为其作用是公司与成员以及成员彼此之间的一种合约。每一公司章程必须包括：公司名字；公司注册股本（SHARECAPTITAL），即公司名义上最高募集的股本总额，但是可以因应情况需要增加或减少；其它条款,包括股份种类及每种股票最高发行量，与及股份被赋予的限制及特权。“公司法”并无解释公司细则的功用。但该条例所列的公司细则范围，其中内容包括划定公司成员的权利，公司的运作方式，公司董事的权力与责任。不过，“公司法”规定公司细则不可载有任何条款与“公司法”有所抵触。
3.填报申请表
注明公司的注册地址，董事的姓名、地址。
4.交纳注册费 注册费为各种文件、证明费用等。按联邦《公司法》成立公司与按各省的《公司法》成立公司，所交的注册费用是不相同的。联邦注册费为500加元，执照修改费为200加元，公司合并往册费为200加元，续展注册费为200加元。各省注册费各不相同，大约为联邦费用的一半。
注册手续一般是请当地的律师代理。注册机构颁发营业执照即标志公司成立。从申请到注册完成，一般需要两个星期。
加拿大的公司主要有三种形式：独资公司、合资公司和股份公司。
一、独资公司
独资公司是由一个人拥有的无限公司，拥有者本人和公司之间没有明确的界限。它是一种最简单的公司形式。公司的拥有人行使全部的职能，自行作出决定。享有全部的利润，缴纳全部的税款，赔偿所有的损失，承担一切风险和公司在法律上是不可分离的。所有人与公司的关系是自雇。任何由公司的经营所引起的法定责任都是公司拥有人的责任，公司或个人的全部财产都可被法定地用来清偿债务。成立独资公司很简单，以个人或公司的形式运作，这样就可以个人或公司的名义给客户开发票了。
其实，如果只以拥有人的名义来进行运营的，则不必进行公司注册，但是拥有人必须要在当地的市政府进行登记并得到营业许可证。
二、合资公司
合资公司是一种由两个或多个人，两个或多个股份公司，信托公司等共同建立新公司来进行贸易或商业活动的公司，合作的每方都为公司提供资金、劳力、财产或技术，同时也分享公司的利润并承担损失。合资公司的存在依赖于合作的连续性，特别是在两个人的合作关系中，如果其中一人离开或宣布破产，则伙伴关系自然解体。合资公司也象独资公司一样易于成立，有时，一个口头协议就已足矣。但如果资金和财产会在将来成为问题，那么还是准备一个书面的协议为好，公司利润的分配和损失的分担办法应在合资协议中加以说明。
另外，从事贸易、采矿或制造业以外业务的合资公司不一定要注册。简化的手续是只在当地的市政府进行登记并得到营业许可证。还有一种特殊形式的合资公司叫有限合资公司，它可以由一个或多个有限合伙人组成，和有限公司不同，公司的一部分股东不参加公司的运作，公司的股东仅以其出资额为限对公司负责。
三、有限公司
有限公司是一个独立的与其组成成员（股东）有明确界限的法定实体。它是依据其股东们共同签署的特别合同中的条款而成立的，这些条款在公司的备忘录和章程里都有表述。 股份公司有以下不同于独资公司和合资公司的特点：
第一是股东责任有限，通常公司的股东不对超出其股份比例的公司债务、义务负责。
第二是公司存在的连续性。因为股份公司是一个独立的法定实体，所以即使股东成员有所变更，公司仍旧继续存在。
此外，公司的所有权可以改变，股份的转移不会影响公司的存在或连续性。
在加拿大，大部分企业主要是在省登记注册管理机关登记注册。企业登记注册一般要求具备的条件是：企业名称、注册资本、经营范围、经营方式等，也就是要具备类似我国企业登记所符合的条件。具体来说是：
1.公司名称 可以使用字母或数字作公司名称。使用字母作名称时，其名称不得与其他公司的名称相同，也不得与其他公司的名称相混淆，不得使用禁用的词；名称后必须加有限、股份公司等字样或其缩写。外国公司在加拿大的分公司可在名称加上加拿大以与其母公司相区别。
2.注册资本 加拿大一般不要求注册资本最低额。除金融公司外，无法定储蓄金要求。可用现金、财产出资，用现金认购股份的，其认购价值要由董事会确定。
3.经营范围与经营方式 企业的经营范围除毒品，枪械和电视，广播，金融，新闻出版,航空等之外，一般不作限制。经营方式一般也无限制。
注册公司程序
1.选择公司名称
并向注册主管机关的命名部确认名称有效为了避免所选择的名称不适用，可提供两个名称选择，这项服务收费30加元。
2.发起人签署公司章程 章程包括公司名称、股份结构、董事、经营业务范围等要点。公司章程和细则，对公司及其成员均有约束力。一般认为其作用是公司与成员以及成员彼此之间的一种合约。每一公司章程必须包括：公司名字；公司注册股本（SHARECAPTITAL），即公司名义上最高募集的股本总额，但是可以因应情况需要增加或减少；其它条款,包括股份种类及每种股票最高发行量，与及股份被赋予的限制及特权。“公司法”并无解释公司细则的功用。但该条例所列的公司细则范围，其中内容包括划定公司成员的权利，公司的运作方式，公司董事的权力与责任。不过，“公司法”规定公司细则不可载有任何条款与“公司法”有所抵触。
3.填报申请表
注明公司的注册地址，董事的姓名、地址。
4.交纳注册费 注册费为各种文件、证明费用等。按联邦《公司法》成立公司与按各省的《公司法》成立公司，所交的注册费用是不相同的。联邦注册费为500加元，执照修改费为200加元，公司合并往册费为200加元，续展注册费为200加元。各省注册费各不相同，大约为联邦费用的一半。
注册手续一般是请当地的律师代理。注册机构颁发营业执照即标志公司成立。从申请到注册完成，一般需要两个星期。
2008年7月7日星期一
新移民抵加后如何送子女入学
根据加拿大的法律，年龄在六至十六岁之间的孩子必须入学。 四至五岁的孩子可以进入小学里的学前班（kindergarden)。这里的小学、中学教育一共是十二年，所有公立学校教育都是免费的，学校运营的资金来自全民纳税，父母只需支付部分学校提供的额外服务及郊游费用。当然，如果您想让孩子进私立学校读书，就必须交费，那些不足5岁的学前班儿童即便一周只上几小时的课，同样也得交钱。 不论公校还是私校，所有年满5岁的儿童都必须进幼儿园，开始接受正规教育，之后升入小学，从一年级读到七、八年级；接着孩子们升入中学，从八、九年级读到十二年级，完成整个中学阶段的教育。有的学校实行独立的初中教育，孩子们在这里读完八、九、十年级。 当你到达加拿大以后，就可以根据教育局来信要求将孩子送到居住地附近的学校入学。不同的是，在蒙城新移民的孩子都必须先进欢迎班学习法语，当然也有其它课程，主要是法语学习，以帮助孩子尽快通过语言关，融入新的学习环境。孩子一般的学校里会有各种肤色的学生，所以你的孩子在学校里不会感到自己特别或受到歧视，如果学校超过了步行的距离，学校会提供校车接送，每天接送到你的楼门前。 这里的学校讲究因材施教，保护学生的个性。在一个班里可以有不同的以“级”衡量的进度，擅长学习的学生进度可能达到五级了，而差一点的也许却连一级还过不去。但是有一点很可贵，就是在加拿大教育体制中是没有好学生与坏学生之分的，且成绩是保密的，所以学习差点的学生不易有自卑感，自然也就基本能自觉做到不通过做弊等手段去升级了。 学期从九月的第一周开始到次年六月的最后一周结束。上课时间为每周一至周五，上午8:30/9:00——下午2:30/3:30,很多体育比赛、游戏、学校俱乐部等活动通常在放学后组织。 小学生们全天都待在一个教室里（去图书馆、体育馆、微机室除外），有两次休息时间，一次是课间休息，一次是午餐时间，这期间学生们可以吃饭，然后进行户外活动。家长们必须亲自为孩子备好午餐及饮品（有的学习可以提供午餐）。对于中学生来说，每天要进出不同的教室上课。 所有的公立学校都接收男女学生，多数学校不要求统一校服，但部分学校对学生着装有规定，如不得在室内戴帽子。 如欲办理公校就读手续，可以联系居住地附近教育局。如住所附近恰好有学校，可直接向该校咨询、办理入学手续。一般来说，小学生（包括幼儿园至七年级）必须在离家最近的学校就读，步行或乘校车上学；中学生则可根据自身教育需要，选择异地就读。 加拿大的教育体系保证人人都有书念，对于有特殊要求或需特别帮助的学生，这里有专门的学校及班级。
办理入学手续所需文件：
孩子的出生证明
移民纸
护照
医疗及疫苗注射记录
曾接受的学校教育及相关记录
办理入学手续所需文件：
孩子的出生证明
移民纸
护照
医疗及疫苗注射记录
曾接受的学校教育及相关记录
加拿大MBA申请指南
加拿大的MBA申请过程
加拿大提供MBA课程的学校目录：Athabasca UniversityBrock UniversityCape Breton UniversityCarleton UniversityConcordia UniversityDalhousie UniversityHEC MontrealLakehead UniversityLansbridge UniversityLaurentian UniversityMalaspina University-CollegeMcGill UniversityMcMaster UniversityMemorial University of NewfoundlandMount Saint Vincent UniversityQueen's UniversityRoyal Military CollegeRoyal Roads UniversityRyerson UniversitySaint Mary's UniversitySimon Fraser UniversityUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of CalgaryUniversity of GuelphUniversity of LethbridgeUniversity of ManitobaUniversity of New Brunswick-FrederictonUniversity of New Brunswick-Saint JohnUniversity of OttawaUniversity of ReginaUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversity of TorontoUniversity of VictoriaUniversity of Western OntarioUniversity of WindsorWilfrid Laurier UniversityYork University
MBA申请表
你要申请的MBA学院提供你所要填写的申请表。根据学校的不同，申请表可能是在线完成，下载完成或者直接向学校索要申请所需表格。
本科成绩单通产情况下，申请人必须具有认可的大学的4年的学士学位。一些项目需要特殊的要求，而另外一些不需要。完成3年学位的申请人必须与学校商量是否学位被认可。申请人的成绩单必须来自于他所就读的本科院校，包括学位证明，这些材料送到他所申请的学校。以上文件必须是来自于本科学校的官方的和原始的文件。通常需要封在密封的信封，由学校直接寄到申请人所申请的学校。
推荐信
申请学校提供的推荐信需求表需要申请人提供给推荐人，根据学校的不同，需求表可能是在线完成，下载完成或者直接向学校索要申请所需表格。一般情况下，需要2到3封推荐信。一封表明申请人具有成功完成MBA课程的潜力和他现在对正在从事这个领域的贡献。另一封需要表明申请人从事的职业包括他的日常工作职责，工作表现和岗位情况，工作道德，技能和成就。
要指出的是，最重要的是要确认这些信中包含申请学校特别著名的他们需要回答的问题。每一封推荐信应该来自于申请人的教育，工作的领导或者管理人员。推荐信的作者必须说明他们的职位和他们认识申请人的时间。在线提交的推荐信除外，其他形式的推荐信必须封在信封中，并由推荐人签名，寄送到申请人正在申请的学校。
加拿大提供MBA课程的学校目录：Athabasca UniversityBrock UniversityCape Breton UniversityCarleton UniversityConcordia UniversityDalhousie UniversityHEC MontrealLakehead UniversityLansbridge UniversityLaurentian UniversityMalaspina University-CollegeMcGill UniversityMcMaster UniversityMemorial University of NewfoundlandMount Saint Vincent UniversityQueen's UniversityRoyal Military CollegeRoyal Roads UniversityRyerson UniversitySaint Mary's UniversitySimon Fraser UniversityUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of CalgaryUniversity of GuelphUniversity of LethbridgeUniversity of ManitobaUniversity of New Brunswick-FrederictonUniversity of New Brunswick-Saint JohnUniversity of OttawaUniversity of ReginaUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversity of TorontoUniversity of VictoriaUniversity of Western OntarioUniversity of WindsorWilfrid Laurier UniversityYork University
MBA申请表
你要申请的MBA学院提供你所要填写的申请表。根据学校的不同，申请表可能是在线完成，下载完成或者直接向学校索要申请所需表格。
本科成绩单通产情况下，申请人必须具有认可的大学的4年的学士学位。一些项目需要特殊的要求，而另外一些不需要。完成3年学位的申请人必须与学校商量是否学位被认可。申请人的成绩单必须来自于他所就读的本科院校，包括学位证明，这些材料送到他所申请的学校。以上文件必须是来自于本科学校的官方的和原始的文件。通常需要封在密封的信封，由学校直接寄到申请人所申请的学校。
推荐信
申请学校提供的推荐信需求表需要申请人提供给推荐人，根据学校的不同，需求表可能是在线完成，下载完成或者直接向学校索要申请所需表格。一般情况下，需要2到3封推荐信。一封表明申请人具有成功完成MBA课程的潜力和他现在对正在从事这个领域的贡献。另一封需要表明申请人从事的职业包括他的日常工作职责，工作表现和岗位情况，工作道德，技能和成就。
要指出的是，最重要的是要确认这些信中包含申请学校特别著名的他们需要回答的问题。每一封推荐信应该来自于申请人的教育，工作的领导或者管理人员。推荐信的作者必须说明他们的职位和他们认识申请人的时间。在线提交的推荐信除外，其他形式的推荐信必须封在信封中，并由推荐人签名，寄送到申请人正在申请的学校。
MBA专业细分
1. Accounting What do accountants do? Accountants offer a wide array of business and accounting services including public, management, and government accounting, as well as internal auditing. In each of these major fields, accountants and auditors prepare, analyze, and verify financial documents in order to provide information to clients. Public Accountants: Public accountants perform. a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax, and consulting activities for their clients, who may be corporations, governments, nonprofit organizations, or individuals. Consultants: Consultants offer advice in areas such as compensation or employee health care benefits; the design of accounting and data processing systems; and the selection of controls to safeguard assets. Forensic Accountants: Forensic accountants investigate and interpret bankruptcies and other complex financial transactions. Management Accountants: Management accountants record and analyze a corporation''''s financial information in addition to budgeting, performance evaluation, cost management, and asset management. Public Sector Accountants: Government accountants and auditors maintain and examine the records of government agencies and audit private businesses and individuals whose activities are subject to government regulations or taxation. What degree options are available in accounting? Undergraduates can earn a bachelor’s degree in accounting or take accounting classes as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose concentrations in accounting, and some schools offer master¹s degree in accountancy (MAcc). What's the difference between a master's in accounting and an MBA with an accounting concentration? While both an MBA with a focus on accounting and a Master of Accounting (MAcc) degree will prepare you to assume managerial positions within the field of accounting, the MBA degree will provide you with more general skills that are transferable to other areas. The MAcc will provide you with greater accounting expertise and will prepare candidates for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam, but fewer transferable skills. Some MBA programs provide candidates with sufficient credit hours required to sit for the CPA exam. The MBA degree''''s broad curriculum also helps accountants with client management and other strategic issues in performing their jobs, especially in management advisory services. What will I study? The MAcc curriculum generally includes preparation for the CPA exam, and the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) examination, in addition to courses in financial and managerial accounting, research, business valuation, cost management, information systems, auditing, policy, taxation, and consulting services. MBA curriculum with an accounting concentration emphasizes general management and business coursework as well as in depth accounting applications and concepts. What skills are necessary to work in the field of accounting? Certification and licensure in accounting and auditing are standard requirements for employment in this field. Successful accountants and auditors are generally detail-oriented, highly motivated researchers, and knowledgeable about U.S. and international tax laws, economics and money markets. In addition to self-confidence, maturity, and the ability to work independently, candidates for accounting positions need a broad range of skills including: Excellent mathematical and computer skills Excellent analytic and problem solving skills Excellent oral and written communication skills Strong interpersonal skills What career paths do MBA or MAcc graduates follow? Many graduates enter into the profession as financial analysts or internal auditors in such areas as financial planning, resource allocation, and management information systems. Beginning public accountants usually start by assisting with work for several clients. Those who excel may become supervisors, managers, partners, open their own public accounting firms, or transfer to executive positions in management accounting or internal auditing in private firms. Management accountants often start as cost accountants, junior internal auditors, or as trainees for other accounting positions. As they rise through the organization, they may advance to accounting manager, chief cost accountant, budget director, or manager of internal auditing. Some become controllers, treasurers, financial vice presidents, chief financial officers, or corporation presidents. In general, there is a large degree of mobility among public accountants, management accountants, and internal auditors. Practitioners often shift into management accounting or internal auditing from public accounting, or between internal auditing and management accounting. What certification or training is necessary for a career in accounting?Professional recognition through certification or licensure provides a distinct advantage in the job market. All CPAs must have a certificate and the partners in their firm must have licenses issued by a State Board of Accountancy. The vast majority of States require CPA candidates to be college graduates, but a few States substitute a number of years of public accounting experience for the college degree. Nearly all States require CPAs and other public accountants to complete a certain number of hours of continuing professional education before their licenses can be renewed. Voluntary certification can attest to professional competence in a specialized field of accounting and auditing. Graduates from accredited colleges and universities who have worked for 2 years as internal auditors and have passed a four-part examination may earn the designation Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) from the Institute of Internal Auditors. What's the overall career outlook for accountants? According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of accountants and auditors is expected to grow about 10 to 20 percent through the year 2008. As the economy grows, more accountants and auditors will be needed to set up books, prepare taxes, and provide management advice. In response to market demand, these accounting professionals will offer more management and consulting services as they take on a greater advisory role and develop more sophisticated and flexible accounting systems. Also, internal auditors will increasingly be needed to discover and eliminate waste and fraud. Competition is keen for the most prestigious jobs in major accounting and business firms, but graduates with a master''''s degree in accounting or a master''''s in business administration will have a distinct advantage in the job market.
2. e-commerce What do employees in e-Commerce fields do? Students with backgrounds in e-Commerce typically work in Information Technology (IT) fields, often as the managers of IT infrastructures. They can also oversee the development and marketing of Internet web sites as project managers. Graduates of e-Commerce programs leave school prepared to fill positions in the technical staffs of corporations. I do not have a background in Computer Science. Will an e-Commerce MBA be too technical for me? While a Master’s in e-Commerce might require greater familiarity with IT concepts, most e-Commerce and e-Business programs are designed for traditional MBA students in addition to those with IT experience. What degree options are available in this area? Undergraduates can earn a Bachelor’s in e-Commerce or e-Business. Graduate students can earn a Master of Science in e-Commerce or an MBA with an e-Commerce or e-Business concentration. What is the difference between a Master’s Degree in e-Commerce and an MBA with a concentration in e-Commerce? The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on computer science and business administration. In contrast, an MBA program will permit you to develop a general set of management skills as well as e-Commerce knowledge. There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into e-Commerce issues in greater depth; an MBA program will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions within the field of e-Commerce, master’s programs are designed to help you become a leader in technology management and integration. In contrast, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What subjects will I study? As an e-Commerce student, you will study traditional business topics like finance, accounting and marketing, but your coursework will emphasize Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Your studies will probably include classes on e-management, electronic marketing marketing, online business strategies, MIS, web site development and IT applications. Students with IT backgrounds may take advanced computer science courses as well. What careers do e-Commerce students pursue? e-Commerce graduates can assume management roles in e-Business and e-Commerce fields, including operations, marketing, technical support and administration. Many become consultants for large corporations that want to incorporate internet business into their strategic plans. Companies may need you to improve B2B online transactions, vitalize internet product sales, or research e-Commerce competition. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? e-Commerce has suffered setbacks since the failure of many startup dot-coms, but the overall demand for business managers with information technology backgrounds should not decrease in the long run. The marketplace has changed dramatically with the introduction of companies like ebay and Amazon.com; most companies now recognize that they must develop and maintain e-Business programs in order to remain competitive. Consequently, the need for employers with e-Commerce skills remains. E-Commerce opens up entirely new business opportunities around the world; as old market practices incorporate new technologies, the field will increase in importance.
3. Entrepreneurship What do entrepreneurs do? Entrepreneurs have many options: they can be business owners and managers, venture capitalists, or small business consultants. In addition, some become intrapreneurs within established companies. What is intrapreneurship? Intrapreneurs work within corporations to develop new products, increase innovation, and build employee morale. Intrapreneurship appeals to some because it allows them to pursue creative business ideas with the support of a large company’s resources. What degree options are available in this area? Some schools offer undergraduate degrees in Entrepreneurship. In addition, graduate students can earn an MBA with an entrepreneurship concentration. What subjects will I study? Entrepreneurship MBAs are encouraged to draw upon their creative potential as they learn to build ventures. They are prepared to manage different stages of growth for business enterprises. Entrepreneurship programs allow you to focus on the specific business skills needed to bring an early stage company or small business to life. In addition to the core MBA course, you may take classes in entrepreneurial management, growth strategies, venture financing, cash flow management, and market research. Many MBA programs offer students chances to work with small businesses; some also give top MBA students opportunities to launch their own ventures in the second year of study. What skills will I need? In addition to an overall comprehension of business administration, entrepreneurs should have: Business savvy: You must understand business theories and practices to build a successful venture. Although some entrepreneurs have not attended graduate school, others believe that an MBA provides small business managers with invaluable administration skills. Innovation and creativity: Creativity is imperative to entrepreneurs. How will your business stand out from its competition? Your venture may benefit from the introduction of new products, public relations techniques, or even new management practices. It will be up to you to determine what is best for your business. People skills: As an entrepreneur, you will be the one who pitches products to potential investors or assists customers during sales. Understanding the needs of clients is crucial to your success, as is the ability to communicate with your partners and supporters. The ability to multitask: Even if you start a business with other partners, you will probably have to tackle a range of tasks in different areas before the venture returns enough capital to hire additional employees. You may meet with potential clients in the morning, then design advertisements at the office during the evening. The ability to take risks: Starting your own venture always entails uncertainty. You will put your own business reputation on the line, donating personal time and effort to build a customer base. Moreover, a new business requires sizeable financial investments – a start-up is not easy, but the opportunity to manage business operations is probably worth the risk. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? Entrepreneurs have always been the backbone of the American economy. Today’s corporate conglomerates were started by men and women with innovative – even outlandish – ideas who had the dedication to make their new ventures thrive. As an entrepreneur, you will be a leader in the business community, whether you take over the family business, purchase or start your own venture, or work within a larger company to revitalize its practices.
4. Finance What do finance professionals do? A tremendous range of opportunities for finance professionals can be found in the private, public and non-profit sectors. Most in the financial services industry are employed in such areas as commercial banking, corporate finance, financial planning, investment banking, money managing, insurance, and real estate. Also, almost every firm, government agency, and organization have financial managers who oversee the preparation of financial reports, direct investment activities, and implement cash management strategies. Commercial Banking: A career in commercial banking offers opportunities in financial management, accountancy and auditing, securities, commodities, and financial services sales, as well as in financial and credit analysis. Corporate Finance: Employees working in corporate finance find the money to run the business, grow the business, make acquisitions, plan for it''''s financial future and manage any cash on hand. Financial Planning: Financial planners help individuals plan their financial futures. Insurance: Jobs in insurance involve helping individuals and business manage risk to protect themselves from catastrophic losses and to anticipate potential risk problems. A variety of areas in insurance include work as an underwriter, a sales representative, an asset manager, or an actuary. Investment Banking: Investment bankers help companies and governments issue securities, help investors purchase securities, manage financial assets, trade securities and provide financial advice. Money Management: Money managers hold stocks and bonds for institutional clients. Real Estate: In the real estate fields many are employed such areas as title insurance, construction, mortgage banking, property management, real estate appraisals, brokerage and leasing, and real estate development. What degree options are available in finance? Undergraduates can earn a bachelor¹s degree in finance or take finance classes as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose concentrations in finance, and some schools offer master’s degrees in finance or PhD programs. What's the difference between a master's in finance and an MBA with a finance concentration? The basic difference between these two options is that a master’s in finance is a highly specialized degree that will allow you to focus almost exclusively on issues related to finance. In contrast, an MBA program will allow you to develop a general set of management skills in addition to specific finance knowledge. There are advantages to each: a master¹s program will enable you to delve into finance issues in greater depth; an MBA program is will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master¹s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions within the field of finance at some point in your career, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What will I study? Coursework generally covers statistics, economics, accounting policies and procedures, corporate budgeting, and financial analysis methods. Advanced courses in options pricing or bond valuation and knowledge of risk management are often covered. Courses in investments, taxes, estate planning, and risk management also are helpful. What skills are necessary to work in the field of finance? Financial professionals must be detail-oriented, highly motivated researchers, and knowledgeable about U.S. and international tax laws, economics and money markets. In addition to self-confidence, maturity, and the ability to work independently, candidates for financial industry positions need a broad range of skills including: Excellent mathematical and computer skills Excellent analytic and problem solving skills Excellent oral and written communication skills Strong interpersonal skills What certification or licensing is necessary? A college degree, and in most cases an MBA, is recommended for a career in the finance industry. A license is not required to work as a personal financial advisor, but advisors who sell stocks, bonds, mutual funds, insurance, or real estate, may need licenses to perform. these additional services. Certification, although not required for financial analysts or personal financial advisors to practice, can enhance professional standing and is strongly recommended by many financial companies. Financial analysts may receive the title Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and personal financial advisors may obtain a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) or Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) designation. Both titles demonstrate to potential customers that a planner has extensive training and competency in the area of financial planning. As an MBA graduate what career options will I have in finance? The financial field offers many possibilities to MBAs, but the most sought after jobs are within corporate finance, investment banking, and securities firms. Finance MBAs often go into the corporate world as Financial Analysts or Investment Banking Associates. Other careers for MBAs are in asset management, equities research, and private client services. Many MBAs become management consultants with expertise in cash management, restructuring and workouts, emerging markets, or strategy. MBAs on the corporate side may aspire to careers that lead to corporate treasury, and ultimately the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) role in the corporation. Financial analysts may advance by becoming portfolio managers or financial managers, directing the investment policies of their companies or those of clients. Personal financial advisors who work in firms also may move into managerial positions, but most advisors advance by accumulating clients and managing more assets. What's the overall career outlook in finance? According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics, increased investment by businesses and individuals is expected to result in faster-than-average employment growth of finance professionals through 2010. However, competition is expected to be keen for these highly lucrative positions. The majority of salaried advisors and analysts work for security and commodity brokers, exchanges, and investment services firms. Candidates with a master''''s degree should have the best job opportunities. Familiarity with computer financial software packages also should enhance a jobseeker''''s employment prospects.
5. General Management What do general managers do? General managers and top executives plan, organize, direct, control, and coordinate the operations of an organization and its major departments or programs. Although they have a wide range of titles such as chief executive officer, president, executive vice president, owner, partner--- all formulate policies and direct the operations of businesses and corporations. The nature of high level executives'''' responsibilities depends upon the size of the organization. In large organizations, their duties are highly specialized. In smaller organizations, such as independent retail stores or small manufacturers, a partner, owner, or general manager is often also responsible for purchasing, hiring, training, quality control, and day-to-day supervisory duties. What degree options are available in general managment? Undergraduates can earn a bachelor¹s degree in management or take courses in management as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose a concentration in management, and some schools offer master¹s degrees and PhDs in general management. What's the difference between a Master of General Management and an MBA with a general management concentration? While both an MBA with a focus on management and a Master of General Management degree will prepare you to assume managerial positions within the business world, the MBA degree will provide you with more general skills that are transferable to other areas. The master''''s in management will provide you with greater management expertise, but will provide you with fewer transferable skills. The MBA degree''''s broad curriculum also helps managers integrate the different functions within a company. What will I study? Students in MBA programs with a management concentration will most likely study everything from marketing, international economics, entrepreneurship, information systems, microeconomics, finance, in addition to managerial accounting, human resources management, leadership, statistics and management science. What skills are necessary to work in the field of general management?Managers with strong leadership qualities and the ability to improve the efficiency or competitive position of an organization are most successful. An analytical mind able to quickly assess large amounts of information and data is very important, as is the ability to consider and evaluate the interrelationships of numerous factors. General managers and top executives must also be able to communicate clearly and persuasively. Other qualities critical for managerial success include leadership, self-confidence, motivation, decisiveness, flexibility, sound business judgment, and determination. What is a typical career path for an General Management-MBA graduate? General managers often have experience in a particular field, such as accounting or engineering and are promoted to general management positions as their skills progress. Many general manager and top executive positions are filled by promoting experienced, lower level managers when an opening occurs, and many are promoted from within the organization. Advancement may be accelerated by participating in company training programs that focus on company policy and operations. General managers may advance to top executive positions, such as executive vice president, in their own firm or they may take a corresponding position in another firm. They may even advance to peak corporate positions such as chief operating officer or chief executive officer. Chief executive officers often become members of the board of directors of one or more firms, typically as a director of their own firm and often as chair of its board of directors. Some top executives establish their own firms or become independent consultants. What's the overall career outlook for general management? According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, projected employment growth of top executives varies by industry, however, keen competition is expected for top executive positions because the prestige and high pay attract a large number of qualified applicants. Many openings occur each year as executives transfer to other positions, start their own businesses, or retire. Salaries vary substantially by type and level of responsibilities and by industry. According to a salary survey done by Executive Compensation Reports, a division of Harcourt Brace & Company, the median salary for CEOs of public companies from the fiscal year 1998 Fortune 500 list was approximately $800,000. Three quarters of CEOs in the nonprofit sector made under $100,000 in 1998, according to a survey by Abbott, Langer, & Associates.
6. Human Resource Management What do employees in human resource management do? Human Resource managers play critical roles not only in the selection, training, and evaluation of employees, but also in the establishment of organizational structures (for example, through the development of managerial hierarchies). They may develop compensation packages or handle questions about workforce laws and regulations. HR managers can manage employees in private and public sectors. They can also work within a company or as private contractors to advise corporations on anticipated organizational change. What degree options are available in this area? Undergraduates can earn a Bachelor’s in HR Management. Graduate students can earn a Master’s Degree in HR Management or an MBA with a concentration in HR Management What is the difference between a Master’s Degree in HR Management and an MBA with a concentration in HR Management? The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on human resource management. In contrast, an MBA program will permit you to develop a general set of management skills in other areas while you learn about human resource practices. There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into human resource issues in greater depth; an MBA program will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions, master’s programs are designed to help you become a leader in human resources. In contrast, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What subjects will I study? MBA programs in human resource management focus on the skills that are required to be effective organizational managers. Traditionally, students learned about managing human resources; now, however, emphasis is also placed upon organizational behavior. and information systems management. As an HR MBA, you might study human resource development, the legal aspects of management, and strategic human resource management. You will also become familiar with the social, cultural, and economic factors that influence employee relations. Furthermore, you will learn how to assess and improve essential components of company operations, including compensation, benefits, salary negotiations and safety standards. What skills will I need? In addition to an overall comprehension of business administration, HR MBAs should have: Legal knowledge: HR managers have to deal with complex aspects of company business, including layoffs, salary adjustments and labor disputes. All HR managers need to understand laws and regulations, like the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, that affect the workforce. Companies cannot risk violating these laws and rely on HR departments to keep up-to-date with any regulatory changes. People skills: Tact is an essential HR trait: you must be able to have forthright discussions with employees about earnings, job performance, and future opportunities. If you are involved with labor or salary negotiations, you must be a strong mediator who can find common ground between diverse points of view. Understanding employee needs is crucial to your success, as is the ability to make difficult, well-planned decisions. Communication skills: Since you may oversee the development of human resource policies, you should be a proficient speaker and writer. Clarity is fundamental in the HR field. What careers do HR MBAs pursue? HR MBAs have many career choices. According to the GMAC, graduates with significant business experience fill management positions in strategic operations, while most MBAs accept roles in diverse HR fields. The GMAC notes that some popular careers include: Recruiters: Recruiters are an essential part of a company’s human resource team. As a recruiter, you may research prospective candidate pools, conduct interviews, and evaluate potential employees. Compensation managers: A position as a compensation manager may appeal to you if you enjoy accounting and finance. You will manage the company’s compensation plan, researching industry trends and regulations to be sure that your salaries remain competitive. International HR managers: An international HR position enables you to work with company personnel in a multinational corporation. You may start out in a domestic position before moving to a higher level job in another country. Some international managers oversee employee relations in several branch offices worldwide, each of which has its own HR manager on site. What kinds of firms employ HR MBAs? It is difficult to find a company that does not have at least one human resource position. Above all, large corporations need HR managers to maintain relationships between executives and entry-level workers and to prevent fallouts during labor disputes. Smaller corporations also need individuals with advanced HR degrees to manage salary and hiring processes. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? HR is a highly competitive field comprised of individuals from a variety of educational and occupational backgrounds. The GMAC estimates that employment will grow in the upcoming years as the workplace becomes increasingly diverse. Employers will have to respond to new regulations or to stricter versions of existing labor, health, and safety laws, which will open up new positions for HR MBAs. The salaries vary based upon the job position and size of the company; other important factors include your previous experience and level of education.
7. International Business What do employees in international business fields do? International business graduates may work in domestic or international positions with private companies, governments or other organizations. As a international business major, you will be prepared to work in international finance, marketing, management, importing/exporting or sales. Global professions are the future of business. Unlimited career opportunities await individuals who can bring international perspectives to business firms. What degree options are available in this area? Undergraduates can earn a Bachelor’s in International Business, but most upper-level international management positions require an MBA or Master’s Degree. MBA students can specialize in international business/management. Find Schools with International Business Programs What is the difference between a Master’s Degree in International Business and an MBA with a concentration in international business? The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on issues related to international business. In contrast, an MBA program will permit you to develop a general set of management skills in addition to specific multinational knowledge. There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into international issues in greater depth; an MBA program is will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions within the field of international business, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What subjects will I study? MBA programs in international business can be general or specialized programs, but most cover basic aspects of business administration like accounting, finance, management and marketing. The main focus is on topics like international governmental policies, international financial services, cross-cultural management, unique customs and attitudes, and other factors that affect multinational operations management. You will study the major laws and organizations that affect global business and trade (the European Union, NAFTA, the Latin American Common Markets, etc). Students also study international strategy: a successful product in Thailand may flounder in Laos. Foreign language proficiency is generally required in order to make you an efficient communicator. Furthermore, study abroad programs are highly recommended, as are internships with multinational corporations. What skills will I need? In addition to an overall comprehension of business administration, international business students should have: Cultural Sensitivity: Even well-known corporate giants have erred unintentionally when they fail to research cultural beliefs and traditions in new markets. You must be able to speak more than one language and should be well versed in the practices of the country where you work; a simple blunder, like an improper business card exchange, can offend potential clients. Patience and flexibility: Do not expect to start work in Paris or Hong Kong. Most international business women and men begin their careers in domestic operations and advance to positions abroad after demonstrating prowess at home. When new markets open to your company, opportunities may arise in countries that you never considered. If you long to be an international executive, be willing to accept a position in Eastern Europe. Your achievements there might help you secure the job of your dreams in Latin America. People skills: Whether you pitch products to upper-level executives or assist customers during sales, you need to know how to work with diverse groups of individuals who come from very different cultural backgrounds. Understanding the needs of clients is crucial to your success, as is the ability to perform. as part of a multinational team. Communication skills: To excel in business, you must be able to convey your ideas effectively and efficiently. You should be a proficient speaker and writer. Take time to research which languages are most important in your field. For finance careers, Asian and Latin American languages are useful. If you are interested in information systems management, consider Russian or the languages of developing nations. Creativity: Turn your ideas into marketing tools and you will become a valued employee. Creativity is vital to multinational corporations, which must sell their products to a variety of customers. If your concept successfully redesigns a popular American product for sales in New Zealand, it may propel you into a management position. The ability to work under pressure: The launch of a new ad campaign or product is extremely intense; unforeseen cultural issues and trade barriers can arise at the last minute. You will be at a competitive advantage if you can meet impending deadlines quickly. What kinds of firms employ international business students? The list is extensive, but frequent employers include banks, import/export corporations, multinational manufacturers, consulting firms, international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), electronics companies and transportation industries like shipping and airlines. What careers do international business students pursue?The international business profession is expanding rapidly as an increasing number of companies conduct multinational transactions. Your specific field may be in accounting, finance, marketing, management, purchasing or production, but you will focus on global and cultural business issues. Common job titles include Import/Export Agent, Foreign Currency Investment Advisor, Foreign Sales Representative and International Management Consultant. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? International business is influenced by numerous socio-cultural, political and legal factors, but overall employment is expected to rise as young organizations like the European Union expand and recruit new economic partners. Salaries depend upon the size and location of the company, as well as your own related experience, level of education and cultural skills. Entry-level earnings can range from $24,000 to $40,000, and these numbers will&nbs
2. e-commerce What do employees in e-Commerce fields do? Students with backgrounds in e-Commerce typically work in Information Technology (IT) fields, often as the managers of IT infrastructures. They can also oversee the development and marketing of Internet web sites as project managers. Graduates of e-Commerce programs leave school prepared to fill positions in the technical staffs of corporations. I do not have a background in Computer Science. Will an e-Commerce MBA be too technical for me? While a Master’s in e-Commerce might require greater familiarity with IT concepts, most e-Commerce and e-Business programs are designed for traditional MBA students in addition to those with IT experience. What degree options are available in this area? Undergraduates can earn a Bachelor’s in e-Commerce or e-Business. Graduate students can earn a Master of Science in e-Commerce or an MBA with an e-Commerce or e-Business concentration. What is the difference between a Master’s Degree in e-Commerce and an MBA with a concentration in e-Commerce? The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on computer science and business administration. In contrast, an MBA program will permit you to develop a general set of management skills as well as e-Commerce knowledge. There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into e-Commerce issues in greater depth; an MBA program will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions within the field of e-Commerce, master’s programs are designed to help you become a leader in technology management and integration. In contrast, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What subjects will I study? As an e-Commerce student, you will study traditional business topics like finance, accounting and marketing, but your coursework will emphasize Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Your studies will probably include classes on e-management, electronic marketing marketing, online business strategies, MIS, web site development and IT applications. Students with IT backgrounds may take advanced computer science courses as well. What careers do e-Commerce students pursue? e-Commerce graduates can assume management roles in e-Business and e-Commerce fields, including operations, marketing, technical support and administration. Many become consultants for large corporations that want to incorporate internet business into their strategic plans. Companies may need you to improve B2B online transactions, vitalize internet product sales, or research e-Commerce competition. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? e-Commerce has suffered setbacks since the failure of many startup dot-coms, but the overall demand for business managers with information technology backgrounds should not decrease in the long run. The marketplace has changed dramatically with the introduction of companies like ebay and Amazon.com; most companies now recognize that they must develop and maintain e-Business programs in order to remain competitive. Consequently, the need for employers with e-Commerce skills remains. E-Commerce opens up entirely new business opportunities around the world; as old market practices incorporate new technologies, the field will increase in importance.
3. Entrepreneurship What do entrepreneurs do? Entrepreneurs have many options: they can be business owners and managers, venture capitalists, or small business consultants. In addition, some become intrapreneurs within established companies. What is intrapreneurship? Intrapreneurs work within corporations to develop new products, increase innovation, and build employee morale. Intrapreneurship appeals to some because it allows them to pursue creative business ideas with the support of a large company’s resources. What degree options are available in this area? Some schools offer undergraduate degrees in Entrepreneurship. In addition, graduate students can earn an MBA with an entrepreneurship concentration. What subjects will I study? Entrepreneurship MBAs are encouraged to draw upon their creative potential as they learn to build ventures. They are prepared to manage different stages of growth for business enterprises. Entrepreneurship programs allow you to focus on the specific business skills needed to bring an early stage company or small business to life. In addition to the core MBA course, you may take classes in entrepreneurial management, growth strategies, venture financing, cash flow management, and market research. Many MBA programs offer students chances to work with small businesses; some also give top MBA students opportunities to launch their own ventures in the second year of study. What skills will I need? In addition to an overall comprehension of business administration, entrepreneurs should have: Business savvy: You must understand business theories and practices to build a successful venture. Although some entrepreneurs have not attended graduate school, others believe that an MBA provides small business managers with invaluable administration skills. Innovation and creativity: Creativity is imperative to entrepreneurs. How will your business stand out from its competition? Your venture may benefit from the introduction of new products, public relations techniques, or even new management practices. It will be up to you to determine what is best for your business. People skills: As an entrepreneur, you will be the one who pitches products to potential investors or assists customers during sales. Understanding the needs of clients is crucial to your success, as is the ability to communicate with your partners and supporters. The ability to multitask: Even if you start a business with other partners, you will probably have to tackle a range of tasks in different areas before the venture returns enough capital to hire additional employees. You may meet with potential clients in the morning, then design advertisements at the office during the evening. The ability to take risks: Starting your own venture always entails uncertainty. You will put your own business reputation on the line, donating personal time and effort to build a customer base. Moreover, a new business requires sizeable financial investments – a start-up is not easy, but the opportunity to manage business operations is probably worth the risk. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? Entrepreneurs have always been the backbone of the American economy. Today’s corporate conglomerates were started by men and women with innovative – even outlandish – ideas who had the dedication to make their new ventures thrive. As an entrepreneur, you will be a leader in the business community, whether you take over the family business, purchase or start your own venture, or work within a larger company to revitalize its practices.
4. Finance What do finance professionals do? A tremendous range of opportunities for finance professionals can be found in the private, public and non-profit sectors. Most in the financial services industry are employed in such areas as commercial banking, corporate finance, financial planning, investment banking, money managing, insurance, and real estate. Also, almost every firm, government agency, and organization have financial managers who oversee the preparation of financial reports, direct investment activities, and implement cash management strategies. Commercial Banking: A career in commercial banking offers opportunities in financial management, accountancy and auditing, securities, commodities, and financial services sales, as well as in financial and credit analysis. Corporate Finance: Employees working in corporate finance find the money to run the business, grow the business, make acquisitions, plan for it''''s financial future and manage any cash on hand. Financial Planning: Financial planners help individuals plan their financial futures. Insurance: Jobs in insurance involve helping individuals and business manage risk to protect themselves from catastrophic losses and to anticipate potential risk problems. A variety of areas in insurance include work as an underwriter, a sales representative, an asset manager, or an actuary. Investment Banking: Investment bankers help companies and governments issue securities, help investors purchase securities, manage financial assets, trade securities and provide financial advice. Money Management: Money managers hold stocks and bonds for institutional clients. Real Estate: In the real estate fields many are employed such areas as title insurance, construction, mortgage banking, property management, real estate appraisals, brokerage and leasing, and real estate development. What degree options are available in finance? Undergraduates can earn a bachelor¹s degree in finance or take finance classes as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose concentrations in finance, and some schools offer master’s degrees in finance or PhD programs. What's the difference between a master's in finance and an MBA with a finance concentration? The basic difference between these two options is that a master’s in finance is a highly specialized degree that will allow you to focus almost exclusively on issues related to finance. In contrast, an MBA program will allow you to develop a general set of management skills in addition to specific finance knowledge. There are advantages to each: a master¹s program will enable you to delve into finance issues in greater depth; an MBA program is will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master¹s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions within the field of finance at some point in your career, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What will I study? Coursework generally covers statistics, economics, accounting policies and procedures, corporate budgeting, and financial analysis methods. Advanced courses in options pricing or bond valuation and knowledge of risk management are often covered. Courses in investments, taxes, estate planning, and risk management also are helpful. What skills are necessary to work in the field of finance? Financial professionals must be detail-oriented, highly motivated researchers, and knowledgeable about U.S. and international tax laws, economics and money markets. In addition to self-confidence, maturity, and the ability to work independently, candidates for financial industry positions need a broad range of skills including: Excellent mathematical and computer skills Excellent analytic and problem solving skills Excellent oral and written communication skills Strong interpersonal skills What certification or licensing is necessary? A college degree, and in most cases an MBA, is recommended for a career in the finance industry. A license is not required to work as a personal financial advisor, but advisors who sell stocks, bonds, mutual funds, insurance, or real estate, may need licenses to perform. these additional services. Certification, although not required for financial analysts or personal financial advisors to practice, can enhance professional standing and is strongly recommended by many financial companies. Financial analysts may receive the title Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and personal financial advisors may obtain a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) or Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) designation. Both titles demonstrate to potential customers that a planner has extensive training and competency in the area of financial planning. As an MBA graduate what career options will I have in finance? The financial field offers many possibilities to MBAs, but the most sought after jobs are within corporate finance, investment banking, and securities firms. Finance MBAs often go into the corporate world as Financial Analysts or Investment Banking Associates. Other careers for MBAs are in asset management, equities research, and private client services. Many MBAs become management consultants with expertise in cash management, restructuring and workouts, emerging markets, or strategy. MBAs on the corporate side may aspire to careers that lead to corporate treasury, and ultimately the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) role in the corporation. Financial analysts may advance by becoming portfolio managers or financial managers, directing the investment policies of their companies or those of clients. Personal financial advisors who work in firms also may move into managerial positions, but most advisors advance by accumulating clients and managing more assets. What's the overall career outlook in finance? According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics, increased investment by businesses and individuals is expected to result in faster-than-average employment growth of finance professionals through 2010. However, competition is expected to be keen for these highly lucrative positions. The majority of salaried advisors and analysts work for security and commodity brokers, exchanges, and investment services firms. Candidates with a master''''s degree should have the best job opportunities. Familiarity with computer financial software packages also should enhance a jobseeker''''s employment prospects.
5. General Management What do general managers do? General managers and top executives plan, organize, direct, control, and coordinate the operations of an organization and its major departments or programs. Although they have a wide range of titles such as chief executive officer, president, executive vice president, owner, partner--- all formulate policies and direct the operations of businesses and corporations. The nature of high level executives'''' responsibilities depends upon the size of the organization. In large organizations, their duties are highly specialized. In smaller organizations, such as independent retail stores or small manufacturers, a partner, owner, or general manager is often also responsible for purchasing, hiring, training, quality control, and day-to-day supervisory duties. What degree options are available in general managment? Undergraduates can earn a bachelor¹s degree in management or take courses in management as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose a concentration in management, and some schools offer master¹s degrees and PhDs in general management. What's the difference between a Master of General Management and an MBA with a general management concentration? While both an MBA with a focus on management and a Master of General Management degree will prepare you to assume managerial positions within the business world, the MBA degree will provide you with more general skills that are transferable to other areas. The master''''s in management will provide you with greater management expertise, but will provide you with fewer transferable skills. The MBA degree''''s broad curriculum also helps managers integrate the different functions within a company. What will I study? Students in MBA programs with a management concentration will most likely study everything from marketing, international economics, entrepreneurship, information systems, microeconomics, finance, in addition to managerial accounting, human resources management, leadership, statistics and management science. What skills are necessary to work in the field of general management?Managers with strong leadership qualities and the ability to improve the efficiency or competitive position of an organization are most successful. An analytical mind able to quickly assess large amounts of information and data is very important, as is the ability to consider and evaluate the interrelationships of numerous factors. General managers and top executives must also be able to communicate clearly and persuasively. Other qualities critical for managerial success include leadership, self-confidence, motivation, decisiveness, flexibility, sound business judgment, and determination. What is a typical career path for an General Management-MBA graduate? General managers often have experience in a particular field, such as accounting or engineering and are promoted to general management positions as their skills progress. Many general manager and top executive positions are filled by promoting experienced, lower level managers when an opening occurs, and many are promoted from within the organization. Advancement may be accelerated by participating in company training programs that focus on company policy and operations. General managers may advance to top executive positions, such as executive vice president, in their own firm or they may take a corresponding position in another firm. They may even advance to peak corporate positions such as chief operating officer or chief executive officer. Chief executive officers often become members of the board of directors of one or more firms, typically as a director of their own firm and often as chair of its board of directors. Some top executives establish their own firms or become independent consultants. What's the overall career outlook for general management? According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, projected employment growth of top executives varies by industry, however, keen competition is expected for top executive positions because the prestige and high pay attract a large number of qualified applicants. Many openings occur each year as executives transfer to other positions, start their own businesses, or retire. Salaries vary substantially by type and level of responsibilities and by industry. According to a salary survey done by Executive Compensation Reports, a division of Harcourt Brace & Company, the median salary for CEOs of public companies from the fiscal year 1998 Fortune 500 list was approximately $800,000. Three quarters of CEOs in the nonprofit sector made under $100,000 in 1998, according to a survey by Abbott, Langer, & Associates.
6. Human Resource Management What do employees in human resource management do? Human Resource managers play critical roles not only in the selection, training, and evaluation of employees, but also in the establishment of organizational structures (for example, through the development of managerial hierarchies). They may develop compensation packages or handle questions about workforce laws and regulations. HR managers can manage employees in private and public sectors. They can also work within a company or as private contractors to advise corporations on anticipated organizational change. What degree options are available in this area? Undergraduates can earn a Bachelor’s in HR Management. Graduate students can earn a Master’s Degree in HR Management or an MBA with a concentration in HR Management What is the difference between a Master’s Degree in HR Management and an MBA with a concentration in HR Management? The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on human resource management. In contrast, an MBA program will permit you to develop a general set of management skills in other areas while you learn about human resource practices. There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into human resource issues in greater depth; an MBA program will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions, master’s programs are designed to help you become a leader in human resources. In contrast, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What subjects will I study? MBA programs in human resource management focus on the skills that are required to be effective organizational managers. Traditionally, students learned about managing human resources; now, however, emphasis is also placed upon organizational behavior. and information systems management. As an HR MBA, you might study human resource development, the legal aspects of management, and strategic human resource management. You will also become familiar with the social, cultural, and economic factors that influence employee relations. Furthermore, you will learn how to assess and improve essential components of company operations, including compensation, benefits, salary negotiations and safety standards. What skills will I need? In addition to an overall comprehension of business administration, HR MBAs should have: Legal knowledge: HR managers have to deal with complex aspects of company business, including layoffs, salary adjustments and labor disputes. All HR managers need to understand laws and regulations, like the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, that affect the workforce. Companies cannot risk violating these laws and rely on HR departments to keep up-to-date with any regulatory changes. People skills: Tact is an essential HR trait: you must be able to have forthright discussions with employees about earnings, job performance, and future opportunities. If you are involved with labor or salary negotiations, you must be a strong mediator who can find common ground between diverse points of view. Understanding employee needs is crucial to your success, as is the ability to make difficult, well-planned decisions. Communication skills: Since you may oversee the development of human resource policies, you should be a proficient speaker and writer. Clarity is fundamental in the HR field. What careers do HR MBAs pursue? HR MBAs have many career choices. According to the GMAC, graduates with significant business experience fill management positions in strategic operations, while most MBAs accept roles in diverse HR fields. The GMAC notes that some popular careers include: Recruiters: Recruiters are an essential part of a company’s human resource team. As a recruiter, you may research prospective candidate pools, conduct interviews, and evaluate potential employees. Compensation managers: A position as a compensation manager may appeal to you if you enjoy accounting and finance. You will manage the company’s compensation plan, researching industry trends and regulations to be sure that your salaries remain competitive. International HR managers: An international HR position enables you to work with company personnel in a multinational corporation. You may start out in a domestic position before moving to a higher level job in another country. Some international managers oversee employee relations in several branch offices worldwide, each of which has its own HR manager on site. What kinds of firms employ HR MBAs? It is difficult to find a company that does not have at least one human resource position. Above all, large corporations need HR managers to maintain relationships between executives and entry-level workers and to prevent fallouts during labor disputes. Smaller corporations also need individuals with advanced HR degrees to manage salary and hiring processes. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? HR is a highly competitive field comprised of individuals from a variety of educational and occupational backgrounds. The GMAC estimates that employment will grow in the upcoming years as the workplace becomes increasingly diverse. Employers will have to respond to new regulations or to stricter versions of existing labor, health, and safety laws, which will open up new positions for HR MBAs. The salaries vary based upon the job position and size of the company; other important factors include your previous experience and level of education.
7. International Business What do employees in international business fields do? International business graduates may work in domestic or international positions with private companies, governments or other organizations. As a international business major, you will be prepared to work in international finance, marketing, management, importing/exporting or sales. Global professions are the future of business. Unlimited career opportunities await individuals who can bring international perspectives to business firms. What degree options are available in this area? Undergraduates can earn a Bachelor’s in International Business, but most upper-level international management positions require an MBA or Master’s Degree. MBA students can specialize in international business/management. Find Schools with International Business Programs What is the difference between a Master’s Degree in International Business and an MBA with a concentration in international business? The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on issues related to international business. In contrast, an MBA program will permit you to develop a general set of management skills in addition to specific multinational knowledge. There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into international issues in greater depth; an MBA program is will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas. While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions within the field of international business, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career. What subjects will I study? MBA programs in international business can be general or specialized programs, but most cover basic aspects of business administration like accounting, finance, management and marketing. The main focus is on topics like international governmental policies, international financial services, cross-cultural management, unique customs and attitudes, and other factors that affect multinational operations management. You will study the major laws and organizations that affect global business and trade (the European Union, NAFTA, the Latin American Common Markets, etc). Students also study international strategy: a successful product in Thailand may flounder in Laos. Foreign language proficiency is generally required in order to make you an efficient communicator. Furthermore, study abroad programs are highly recommended, as are internships with multinational corporations. What skills will I need? In addition to an overall comprehension of business administration, international business students should have: Cultural Sensitivity: Even well-known corporate giants have erred unintentionally when they fail to research cultural beliefs and traditions in new markets. You must be able to speak more than one language and should be well versed in the practices of the country where you work; a simple blunder, like an improper business card exchange, can offend potential clients. Patience and flexibility: Do not expect to start work in Paris or Hong Kong. Most international business women and men begin their careers in domestic operations and advance to positions abroad after demonstrating prowess at home. When new markets open to your company, opportunities may arise in countries that you never considered. If you long to be an international executive, be willing to accept a position in Eastern Europe. Your achievements there might help you secure the job of your dreams in Latin America. People skills: Whether you pitch products to upper-level executives or assist customers during sales, you need to know how to work with diverse groups of individuals who come from very different cultural backgrounds. Understanding the needs of clients is crucial to your success, as is the ability to perform. as part of a multinational team. Communication skills: To excel in business, you must be able to convey your ideas effectively and efficiently. You should be a proficient speaker and writer. Take time to research which languages are most important in your field. For finance careers, Asian and Latin American languages are useful. If you are interested in information systems management, consider Russian or the languages of developing nations. Creativity: Turn your ideas into marketing tools and you will become a valued employee. Creativity is vital to multinational corporations, which must sell their products to a variety of customers. If your concept successfully redesigns a popular American product for sales in New Zealand, it may propel you into a management position. The ability to work under pressure: The launch of a new ad campaign or product is extremely intense; unforeseen cultural issues and trade barriers can arise at the last minute. You will be at a competitive advantage if you can meet impending deadlines quickly. What kinds of firms employ international business students? The list is extensive, but frequent employers include banks, import/export corporations, multinational manufacturers, consulting firms, international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), electronics companies and transportation industries like shipping and airlines. What careers do international business students pursue?The international business profession is expanding rapidly as an increasing number of companies conduct multinational transactions. Your specific field may be in accounting, finance, marketing, management, purchasing or production, but you will focus on global and cultural business issues. Common job titles include Import/Export Agent, Foreign Currency Investment Advisor, Foreign Sales Representative and International Management Consultant. What’s the overall career outlook for this field? International business is influenced by numerous socio-cultural, political and legal factors, but overall employment is expected to rise as young organizations like the European Union expand and recruit new economic partners. Salaries depend upon the size and location of the company, as well as your own related experience, level of education and cultural skills. Entry-level earnings can range from $24,000 to $40,000, and these numbers will&nbs
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